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Persistent water pollutants: case of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in the Czech Republic
Prášek, Jan ; Šauer, Petr ; Keprtová, Karolína
Reuse and recycling of products composed of natural matter is relatively without significant environmental problems. However, recycling of products produced using modern synthetic technologies often brings new challenges. Our analysis has shown that substitution of citric acid with artificial substance of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid causes important environmental problems. The case study carried out in the Elbe river basin shows that the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid concentration standard has been exceeded, particularly from confluence of the Vltava and Elbe rivers. Open questions and tasks for future technological development and environmental policies are formulated, particularly the idea to replace artificial substances with nature-based ones. This would enable better introduction of circular economy ideas in the use of resources.
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Study of accumulation of cadmium ion by energy crops
Berkyová, Petra ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
Cadmium is heavy metal toxic for plants and animals and environmental contaminant which must be removed from natural environment. In recent years a new method phytoremediation is getting more attention. This method uses plants called hyperaccumulators for extraction of heavy metals from soils. Hyperaccumulators have, however, after accumulation of heavy metals no other use. Therefore new possibilities are discussed in last few years. Energy plants, in this thesis sorghum and malva, could be used for accumulation of heavy metals from soils and after that these plants could be used as energy source. This thesis wants to find out if sorgum and malva are able to grow in cadmium contaminated environment and if these plants will accumulate cadmium. It also compares different cultivars of sorghum in toxicity tests and compares ability of these cultivars to grow in cadmium contaminated environment and to accumulate this heavy metal. Further it focuses on affection of uptake of kadmium ions by sorhum in presence of glutathione or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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Influence of parameters of blood count in dependence on the amount of blood collected into tubes
MOUDRÁ, Pavla
Haematology is the branch of science engaged in the study of blood and its components - especially blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets. In the core haematology examination - the blood count - not only their amount is evaluated but also the morphology. When blood taking, the right ratio of blood and anticoagulant must be kept, otherwise changes in blood count may occur. Laboratorians are bound to reject examination of incorrectly taken samples. Since it is difficult to take blood from some patient groups (children, elderly, obese patients, etc.), there is often put a pressure on laboratories from the staff to process also the incorrectly taken samples. The aim of this study is to state the level of impact of the incorrect blood taking, within the meaning of the blood - anticoagulant ratio, on the particular parameters of the blood count. The sample consisted of one hundred patients who were invited by their physician for blood tests to the Synlab Czech., s.r.o. company, U Tří lvů 4, České Budějovice in the period from December 2011 to June 2012. There were healthy and sick patients aged 10-77 years in the sample. All one hundred patients were taken within the same examination two test tubes with anticoagulant K2EDTA made by Becton Dickinson - BD Vacutainer. According to instructions, 2 ml of blood were taken into the first tube. Into the second tube, from the fifty patients only 0.5 ml of blood were taken, from the another fifty patients 3.5 ml. These samples were measured in the laboratory of Synlab Czech, s.r.o. company, U Tří lvů 10, České Budějovice using the Advia 120 analyzer made by Bayern HealthCare LLC, serial number IR28850224, installed in 2011. All 13 parameters issued by Synlab Czech, s.r.o. company on the result sheet as a blood count were analysed. The results from correctly and incorrectly taken samples were compared using a paired t-test. Hypothesis assumed that deviations will occur at both sampling errors for all thirteen blood count parameters at the significance level of 95%. This hypothesis was not confirmed, there were no deviations of statistical significance in all of thirteen parameters in any incorrectly taken samples. In the case of test tube where more blood than required was taken, there were no deviations of statistical significance in any of thirteen parameters. In the case of test tube where less blood than required was taken, there were deviations of statistical significance in six of eight measured parameters. A statistically significant increase occurred in the number of red blood cells (by 0.85%), haemoglobin amount (by 0.97%), haematocrit values (by 2.19%) and MCV (by 1.41%). The decrease occurred in MCHC values (by 1.23%) and platelet count (4.96%). The differential white blood cell count was statistically significantly different only in the monocyte value (reduction of 6.35%). Within examination of samples from tube where more blood than required was taken, there were no statistically significant deviations. Therefore, we may assume that such incorrectly taken samples could be used for blood count examination. When taking less blood than required, statistically significant deviations occur in almost half of the blood count parameters. The platelet reduction of 4.96% is clinically the most important. Nevertheless, we can say that even this value is probably not significant enough to not use the incorrectly taken sample in acute cases. If the conclusions of this study are confirmed by other studies, it could be possible to make health care more effective in cases where deviation is considered to be neither statistically nor clinically significant.
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The character of antropogenic soil contamination with lead.
NOVOTNÁ, Monika
The goal is both to summarize information obtained from the literature on the properties of lead and its geochemical position especially in forest soils and the specific contaminated site to assess the isotopic signatures as the likely origin of lead in soil study area. Compiled a literary review mainly concerns the influence, resources and effects of lead on the environment, the characteristics of the soil, their chemistry and their degradation. The experimental section describes the characteristics of the sampling sites, techniques of collecting and processing samples for analysis, the chemicals used and the analysis results. EDTA-extractable content (bioavailability) of lead in soil samples is the most accumulated in the humus (H) organic horizons, because they have the greatest sorption capacity. We found average levels of EDTA-extractable lead in forest soils assessed range from 8.5 to 28.6 mg.kg-1 DM with a mean of 17.6 mg.kg-1 DM only three of the eight sampling sites (Large niva, and East Hill Chlustov Radvanovické saddle spruce forest) exceed found containing 30 mg.kg -1 . Observed isotopic ratios in large floodplain locations (from the spruce forest east Lenora) and Radvanovické saddle (spruce forest and beech wood from south of Lenora) are similar to those already previously identified signature of lead in river sediments by Lenora.
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